# E-invoicing barometer: a modeled XRechnung vs ZUGFeRD index

- Date: 2026-09-17
- Modified: 2026-08-29
- Reviewed: September 17, 2026
- Reading time: 3 min read

A modeled index of hybrid ZUGFeRD and pure XML XRechnung output ahead of the German 2027 issuing deadline: what it assumes, what it reads, and what it

> Reviewed against BMF E-Rechnung FAQ, KoSIT XRechnung standard, FeRD ZUGFeRD specification.

As Germany moves through its domestic B2B e-invoicing transition, finance and IT teams face a central architectural choice: should outbound billing land in hybrid PDF/A-3 (ZUGFeRD / Factur-X) or pure XML (XRechnung)?

To frame that choice transparently, Invoice-Converter.com publishes the [E-Invoicing Barometer](/en/e-invoicing-barometer). It is a modeled index: a fixed baseline trajectory published with a model version, combined with one current conversion aggregate. It is not an observed weekly measurement of the German market.

## What the model assumes

- ZUGFeRD carries the majority of modeled volume (~58%): the baseline assumes German SMEs and tax consultancies favor hybrid PDF/A-3 because staff can inspect invoice details visually without specialized XML parsing tools.
- XRechnung sits near 42% and is modeled as rising: federal and state procurement portals (OZG-RE) and Peppol routing mandate pure XML, and larger corporate buyers prioritize automated straight-through ERP processing.
- Format choice follows the counterparty: companies billing public authorities and large supply chains implement XRechnung, whereas commercial trade across the Mittelstand relies predominantly on ZUGFeRD EN 16931. This too is an assumption of the baseline, not a measured split.
## Regulatory drivers leading into 2027

Under the German Wachstumschancengesetz, all domestic businesses have been legally required to receive structured e-invoices conforming to EN 16931 since January 1, 2025. The next critical operational milestone arrives on January 1, 2027, when companies with prior-year turnover exceeding EUR 800,000 must issue structured e-invoices.

Because both ZUGFeRD (EN 16931 profile) and XRechnung fulfill the legal definition of an electronic invoice under BMF guidance, neither format is legally superior for domestic B2B. Organizations are structuring workflows to handle both formats cleanly.

## How the index is built — and what it cannot tell you

- The weekly series is a fixed baseline published with the model version; weeks after the baseline repeat its last value. No weekly observations are recorded or published.
- This model version uses only the fixed published trajectory. It does not read or blend live telemetry.
- The trajectory is an editorial assumption. It is not a representative sample or an observed trend in the German national market, and the index must not be cited as one.
- The JSON endpoint and CSV download repeat the model version, fixed data source, per-week basis, and the fact that live telemetry is disabled.

## FAQ

### Is ZUGFeRD legally accepted for the German 2025 and 2027 requirements?

Yes. ZUGFeRD profile EN 16931 (Factur-X) conforms to the European standard EN 16931 and is recognized by the German Federal Ministry of Finance (BMF) as fully compliant for mandatory domestic B2B invoicing.

### When is XRechnung required over ZUGFeRD?

XRechnung is mandatory when billing federal and most state public administration buyers (B2G) in Germany, as well as over Peppol networks that mandate pure XML without embedded visual PDFs.

### Are the barometer figures measured German market data?

No. Every published week follows one fixed modeled trajectory. This version uses no live telemetry, and values change only with a new model version.

## Official references

- [BMF E-Rechnung FAQ](https://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/FAQ/e-rechnung.html)
- [KoSIT XRechnung standard](https://xeinkauf.de/xrechnung/)
- [FeRD ZUGFeRD specification](https://www.ferd-net.de/standards/zugferd-2.3/index.html)